Hospital Equipment Classification

Medical device testing equipment constitutes the core tools for disease diagnosis and condition monitoring in the healthcare sector, encompassing a wide range of product categories. Classified by inspection methods, clinical departments, and technical principles, these devices are divided into major categories with specific sub-products under each, covering the entire spectrum from non-invasive in vitro testing to invasive in vivo detection. Below is a detailed clinical classification with key application scenarios for selected products:

I. Medical Imaging Testing Equipment (Core Non-Invasive Testing Devices)

These devices visualize internal human structures through imaging technologies, serving as the primary means for disease screening and diagnosis, and represent a category of medical devices with high technical barriers.

Radiographic Imaging Equipment

• X-ray Machines: General digital X-ray machines (DR), mobile X-ray machines (bedside models), dental X-ray machines, and mammography systems (dedicated to breast disease screening).

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners: 16-slice/64-slice/128-slice spiral CT scanners, low-dose spiral CT scanners (for lung cancer screening), and vehicle-mounted mobile CT scanners (for emergency medical services).

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Equipment

• Superconducting MRI scanners (1.5T/3.0T, mainstream clinical models), permanent magnet MRI scanners (for primary medical institutions), and dedicated MRI scanners (e.g., breast MRI, orthopedic MRI).

Ultrasound Imaging Equipment

• 2D black-and-white ultrasound scanners, color Doppler ultrasound scanners (color ultrasound), portable ultrasound scanners (bedside/emergency use), specialty ultrasound scanners (cardiac, abdominal, obstetric and gynecological, ophthalmic, vascular ultrasound), and interventional ultrasound scanners (with puncture guidance).

Nuclear Medicine Imaging Equipment

• Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scanners, and Positron Emission Tomography-CT/MRI (PET-CT/PET-MRI) scanners (combining anatomical and functional imaging for tumor staging).

II. In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Testing Equipment (Laboratory Testing Devices)

Primarily used for in vitro testing of human samples such as blood, body fluids, and tissues, these devices assist in diagnosis by analyzing sample indicators and form the foundation of clinical laboratory testing.

Clinical Biochemical Analysis Equipment

• Fully automated biochemical analyzers, semi-automated biochemical analyzers, electrolyte analyzers, and glycated hemoglobin analyzers (for blood glucose metabolism testing).

Immunoassay Equipment

• Chemiluminescence immunoassays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) readers, fluorescence immunoassays, and radioimmunoassays.

Hematology Analysis Equipment

• Fully automated hematology analyzers (for complete blood count testing), coagulation analyzers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzers, and hemorheology analyzers.

Microbiology Testing Equipment

• Microbiological incubators, fully automated microbial identification and susceptibility analyzers, bacterial culture systems, and nucleic acid extractors (preliminary equipment for PCR).

Molecular Diagnostic Equipment

• Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR instruments, digital PCR instruments, gene sequencers (1st/2nd/3rd generation), and gene chip analyzers.

Urine/Fecal Testing Equipment

• Fully automated urine analyzers, urine sediment analyzers, and fecal analyzers.

III. Endoscopic Testing Equipment (Invasive In Vivo Testing Devices)

These devices enter the human body through natural orifices or small incisions to directly observe the morphology of tissues and organs; some can be combined with biopsy for pathological diagnosis.

Digestive Endoscopes

• Gastroscopes, colonoscopes, duodenoscopes, small bowel endoscopes, capsule endoscopes (non-invasive, for full small bowel imaging), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) scanners (combining ultrasound and endoscopy).

Respiratory Endoscopes

• Bronchoscopes, rigid bronchoscopes, and thoracoscopes (minimally invasive).

Urological Endoscopes

• Cystoscopes, ureteroscopes, and nephroscopes.

Other Endoscopes

• Laparoscopes (for minimally invasive abdominal examination/surgery), hysteroscopes (gynecological use), arthroscopy (orthopedic use), otorhinolaryngological endoscopes (laryngoscopes, nasopharyngoscopes), and ophthalmic endoscopes (vitreoretinal endoscopes).

IV. Pathology Department Testing Equipment (Tissue/Cell Pathological Diagnosis)

Used for the processing and analysis of biopsy tissues and surgical specimens, these devices are the "gold standard" for confirmed disease diagnosis.

• Pathological microtomes (paraffin microtomes, frozen microtomes), tissue dehydrators, embedding machines, staining machines, pathological microscopes (light microscopes, fluorescence microscopes), and digital pathological slide scanners (for digitization of pathological images).

V. Specialty-Specific Testing Equipment

These are dedicated testing devices for specific clinical departments or diseases, featuring precise functions tailored to the clinical needs of specialized departments.

Ophthalmic Testing Equipment

• Refractometers, non-contact tonometers, fundus cameras, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scanners (for retinal disease detection), and perimeters.

Otorhinolaryngological Testing Equipment

• Pure-tone audiometers, tympanometers, otoacoustic emission analyzers, nasal resistance meters, and laryngoscope workstations.

Cardiovascular Testing Equipment

• Electrocardiographs (static/dynamic), ambulatory blood pressure monitors, electrocardiographic monitors (bedside use), exercise stress test systems, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) scanners (for coronary artery examination).

Neurological Testing Equipment

• Electroencephalographs (EEG), brain electrical activity mapping systems, transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound scanners (for cerebral blood flow detection), and electromyographs.

Orthopedic Testing Equipment

• Bone densitometers (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound bone densitometers) and joint function testers.

Dermatological Testing Equipment

• Dermatoscopes, Wood's lamps, and dermatological CT scanners (confocal laser scanning microscopes).

VI. Vital Sign and Function Testing Equipment (Basic Monitoring/Function Assessment)

These devices non-invasively monitor basic human physiological indicators or organ functions, and are widely used in outpatient clinics, wards, and emergency departments.

• Multi-parameter monitors (monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen, respiration, body temperature), pulse oximeters, spirometers (for lung ventilation/perfusion function testing), electroencephalographs, electromyographs, and sleep monitors (for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome).

The above classification essentially covers the mainstream clinical medical device testing equipment. Among these, medical imaging equipment, in vitro diagnostic equipment, and endoscopic equipment are the three categories with the largest market scale and the fastest technological updates. Medical institutions of different levels (tertiary Grade A hospitals/primary hospitals/clinics) configure equipment with varying precision and functions based on their diagnostic and treatment needs.